The exposure of nonhuman living organisms to mobile communication emissions: A survey to establish European stakeholders' policy option preferences

Overview

There is an unprecedented exposure of living organisms to mobile communications radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) emissions. Guidelines on exposure thresholds to limit thermal effects from these emissions are restricted to humans, although tissue heating can occur in all living organisms.

Exposure at millimetric frequencies, especially those used by 5G, may impact surface tissues and organs of plants and small-size species. The intensification of radiofrequency absorption by living organisms resulting from 5G is expected to increase overall exposure levels.

Key Policy Background

• A European Parliament report highlighted four policy options regarding RF-EMF effects on nonhuman organisms:
  • Funding further research
  • Implementing monitoring networks
  • Increasing access to antenna and emission data from operators
  • Developing compliance studies with antenna installation

There has been a lack of data on stakeholders' preferences among these options.

Findings

The study conducted a survey with key European stakeholders, revealing a broad consensus on the need to fund more research on the effects of electromagnetic fields on plants, animals, and other living organisms. The survey also underscored a requirement for deeper deliberation on the other policy options, which could support more effective regulatory and administrative solutions for sectors including government, private industry, advocacy, and academia.

Health and Safety Implications

⚠ Importantly, the text notes that ICNIRP and IEEE guidelines—focused only on humans—are based on controversial assumptions and that adverse health effects, such as nonthermal induction of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, cardiomyopathy, carcinogenicity, sperm damage, and neurological effects, have been observed below the currently accepted thresholds.

Conclusion

Although controversial debates on RF-EMF effects on human health may have delayed policy response for nonhuman organisms, survey results make clear that stakeholders see a pressing need for action. Understanding and managing the environmental impact of mobile communication technologies must be a priority for optimal technological development.