Electromagnetic fields regulate iron metabolism in living organisms: A review of effects and mechanism
Abstract
Overview
Life on Earth has evolved in the constant presence of the geomagnetic field, which has been shown to have extensive biological effects on living organisms. Metal ions such as iron, due to their charged nature, interact with electromagnetic field (EMF) forces, which in turn affects critical life activities.
Findings
- Iron metabolism, critical for organism health, requires a balanced state of absorption and excretion, controlled by complex physiological processes.
- This review examines how the iron metabolism process—including absorption, storage, and excretion—is altered by EMF exposure across a variety of organisms, including mammals, fish, arthropods, plants, and microorganisms.
- The data and studies reviewed indicate wide variations in EMF exposure effects depending on species, cell lines, magnetic flux density, operating frequency, exposure time, and biological heterogeneity.
Conclusion
A systematic review of EMF's influence on iron metabolism not only enhances scientific understanding of the mechanisms and biological effects involved, but also underscores the importance of raising public awareness regarding health risks associated with electromagnetic field exposure.