Electromagnetic fields regulate iron metabolism: From mechanisms to applications (Review)

Authors: Wang S, Yang J, Zhen C, Wang H, Shang P

Year: 2025 Apr 29

Category: Biophysics, Biomedical Science, Physiology

Journal: Journal of Advanced Research

DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2025.04.044

URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090123225002887?via%3Dihub

Abstract

Overview

Electromagnetic fields (EMFs), employed as a form of physical therapy, have found wide application in the biomedical realm. Iron is the most abundant trace metal in living organisms, crucial to numerous physiological functions. Disruptions in iron metabolism are strongly associated with the onset and advancement of many diseases.

There is substantial evidence that exposure to EMFs can lead to marked alterations in iron metabolism at both the systemic and cellular level, which may, in turn, have significant implications for health and disease.

Findings

  • The review synthesizes the latest research, introducing the hypothesis that EMFs impact iron metabolism through:
    • Electromagnetic properties of iron-rich proteins and tissues
    • Modulation of cell membrane structure and function
    • Influence on ion channels
    • Changes in generation and activity of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
  • The review highlights recent advances concerning:
    • Effects of EMFs on iron metabolism and safety considerations
    • Their roles in immunoregulation, cardiovascular and neurological diseases, orthopedic conditions, diabetes, liver injury, and cancer

Conclusion

This comprehensive review not only underscores the regulatory influence of EMFs on iron metabolism and its broad relevance to health and disease, but also discusses safety concerns. These connections emphasize the importance of evaluating EMF exposures as they relate to iron metabolism and disease risk.

electromagnetic fields iron metabolism biophysical mechanisms reactive oxygen species immunoregulation disease progression EMF safety
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