The role of digital device use on the risk of migraine: a univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study
Abstract
Overview
The widespread adoption of digital devices in everyday life has sparked mounting concerns about their possible negative effects on health. This study set out to examine the causal relationships between the use of digital devices and the risk of experiencing migraine by employing Mendelian randomization (MR) methodologies.
Methods
Researchers gathered genetic data on digital device use and migraine risk from extensive genome-wide association studies, including the UK Biobank, the FinnGen study, and the International Headache Genetics Consortium. Several MR approaches—univariable MR (UVMR), meta-analysis, and multivariable MR (MVMR)—were used to explore potential causal links between usage of:
- Mobile phones
- Computers
- Computer games
- Television
Robust sensitivity analyses (Cochran's Q, MR-Egger intercept, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier, MR Radial, MR Steiger, and leave-one-out methods) were performed to test the stability of results.
Findings
- Univariable MR analyses showed that genetically predicted mobile phone use is strongly associated with higher risk of overall migraine (odds ratio [OR] = 2.39, p = 9.78e-5) and migraine without aura (MO) (OR = 2.25, p = 0.024).
- Watching television was also significantly associated with greater risk of both overall migraine (OR = 1.63, p = 2.12e-5) and MO (OR = 2.10, p = 4.98e-5).
- Meta-analysis and MVMR supported these positive associations.
- Sensitivity analyses showed no significant heterogeneity or pleiotropy, reinforcing the reliability of results.
Conclusion
This comprehensive MR study provides preliminary evidence for a causal relationship between mobile phone use, television viewing, and increased migraine risk. Additional research is required to further explore these associations in diverse populations and settings.