Abstract

Overview

The study explores the interaction between modern technology and migraine triggers in high school students. The research implements a generalized estimating equation to analyze data from 145 students using smartphones in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.

Methodology

• Prospective time series analysis.
• Recording of headache diaries, with 12,969 entries.
• Measurement of smartphone electromagnetic output via an app.
• Assessment of sleep quality, and psychological states like anxiety and depression.

Findings

The prevalence of headache was noted at 13.4%, with migraine occurrence at 16.9%. The most significant migraine triggers identified were:

• Use of hand-free devices.
• Internet usage.

Variables such as age and anxiety levels also exhibited a correlation. A notable finding was the migration effect linked with smartphone electromagnetic output in ranges ≤ 1.79×10^-5 and 1.80-1.99×10^-5 mW. The data indicated a reverse dose-response curve where lower exposures at specific times (Lag_6) triggered migraines more than others.

Conclusion

The study strongly indicates a non-linear relationship between smartphone electromagnetic radiation (SOP) and migraine induction—an effect termed as 'window response'. Delayed responses also suggest adaptive recovery after exposure. Frequent triggers from SOP necessitate preventive measures such as limited use of smartphones without hands-free devices and postponement of smartphone use to older ages.