The effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields exposure on tinnitus, migraine and non-specific symptoms in the general and working population: a systematic review and meta-analysis on human observational studies

Abstract

Overview

The proliferation of devices emitting radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) raises public concerns about potential health impacts. This systematic review evaluates the long-term effects of RF-EMF on various health symptoms.

Objectives

Investigation focuses on symptom occurrences such as tinnitus, migraines, and headaches with brain exposure, alongside sleep disturbances and symptom scores for whole-body exposures.

Methods

• Studies included: A total of 13 papers based on prospective cohort studies and one case-control study, with a participant count of 486,558 from Europe.
• Analysis method: Random effects meta-analysis applied where data was sufficient.

Findings

Current evidence, while substantiated by multiple papers, suggests RF-EMF exposure below guideline values does not initiate symptoms. However, results are marked by significant uncertainties due to potential biases, few studies, and inconsistencies.

Discussion

Limitations in evidence stem from challenges in confounding control and exposure assessment. The need to differentiate potential biophysical impacts from lifestyle-related effects such as sleep deprivation is critical.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis provides an uncertain yet currently best-available evidence quota supporting RF-EMF safety under guideline limits, emphasizing the necessity for innovative future research methodologies.