Abstract

Overview

The study discusses the broad biological effects of the geomagnetic field on the diversification and evolution of life on Earth, highlighting the interaction between electromagnetic fields and metal ions in biological fluids. This interaction affects various life activities, focusing notably on the process of iron metabolism.

Findings

The paper meticulously details how iron is absorbed, stored, and excreted in animals (including mammals, fish, arthropods), plants, and microorganisms when exposed to electromagnetic fields. The variability of these exposure effects is emphasized across different species and cellular structures. Complexity arises from multiple factors such as magnetic flux density, operational frequency, exposure duration, and species heterogeneity.

Conclusion

The systematic review presented works to deepen the understanding of how electromagnetic fields affect iron metabolism, pointing to the necessity of improving public awareness regarding the health risks associated with electromagnetic field exposure.