Statistical Characterization and Modeling of Indoor RF-EMF Down-Link Exposure

Abstract

Overview

As wireless communication systems proliferate, understanding radio-frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure in indoor environments—where people spend most of their time—has become increasingly critical due to health concerns.

Methodology

This study employs a statistical method to evaluate and model RF-EMF down-link exposure across different indoor settings. Measurements involved three buildings close to base stations supporting multiple cellular technologies. The exposure levels considered incorporated the variability due to local environmental factors and assessed using a Gaussian distribution framework.

Findings

• Indoor RF-EMF DL exposure has been quantified and modeled for different floors in building wings, showing randomness with Gaussian behavior.
• In-depth analysis with one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test validated the Gaussian distribution of exposure values, reinforced by cross-validation techniques.
• Despite proximity to base stations, recorded exposure levels remained well below the international safety standards (ICNIRP reference levels), posing minimal direct health risks under current conditions.

Conclusion

The study successfully characterizes the RF-EMF exposure in typical indoor environments and lays the groundwork for a broader indoor RF-EMF monitoring system. Future systems could utilize these models for continuous assessment, enhancing public health and safety in relation to RF-EMF.