Abstract

Overview

Intermediate frequency electromagnetic fields (IF-EMF), ranging from 300 Hz to 10 MHz, are increasingly emitted by devices such as induction cookers and wireless power systems. This review critically analyzes animal studies to summarize the potential bioeffects of IF-EMFs on health.

Key Findings

• Examination of 38 experimental studies published between January 1988 and August 2021 utilizing murine models.
• Studies focused on general adverse effects, tumorigenic effects, and developmental impacts due to IF-EMF exposure.
• Investigations into IF-EMF impact on gene expression in the brain, learning, memory, and immune functions were included.
• Although most studies report no adverse effects at ICNRP exposure limits, some correlations with negative developmental impacts were observed.

Source Breakdown

IF-EMF sources include:

• Industry: Dielectric heater sealers, induction and plasma heaters.
• General Public: Induction cookers, electronic surveillance systems.
• Hospitals: MRI systems, electromagnetic nerve stimulators.
• Defense: Submarine communication transmitters.

Conclusion

The review underscores the necessity for comprehensive examinations of IF-EMF's biological effects. While current findings within ICNRP limits suggest minimal health risks, unexplored potential harmful impacts particularly in early development stages call for further research using advanced biomedical tools.