Transient Thermal Responses of Skin to Pulsed Millimeter Waves

Abstract

Abstract Overview

This study investigates how skin responds to pulsed millimeter-wave radiofrequency (RF) radiation. By reviewing safety guidelines and employing theoretical models, the research assesses potential health risks associated with RF energy.

Review of Safety Limits

• The study references safety limits for pulse fluence from standards such as IEEE Std. C95.1-2019 and the guidelines from the International Commission on Nonionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP).
• Federal Communications Commission (FCC) guidelines are analyzed in light of recent reaffirmations.

Methodology and Findings

Employing a one-dimensional thermal model alongside Pennes' bioheat equation:

• Temperature increases predicted by models are consistent with experimental data and historical data regarding thermal hazards from pulsed infrared radiation.
• The study highlights that under extreme conditions, which are typically unrealistic, FCC guidelines could allow skin temperature increases nearing thresholds that may induce thermal pain but stay below the threshold for thermal damage.
• In practical, less severe scenarios, following emissive guidelines should prevent harmful thermal effects in skin due to RF exposure from wireless technologies.

Conclusion

The research concludes that with realistic and regulated exposure to pulsed RF energy, the potential for harmful thermal impacts on skin is minimal. Further analysis and revisions of these guidelines can continue to safeguard public health against potential risks from new and evolving technologies.