5G Wireless Communication and Health Effects-A Pragmatic Review Based on Available Studies Regarding 6 to 100 GHz

Abstract

Overview

The recent introduction of the fifth generation (5G) of wireless communication raises questions regarding the potential health impacts of higher frequency electromagnetic fields, specifically in the 6-100 GHz range.

Findings

• This pragmatic review analyzed 94 studies focusing on in vivo and in vitro experiments.
• Approximately 80% of in vivo studies indicated biological responses to exposure.
• Similarly, 58% of in vitro studies noted effects from exposure.
• Biological endpoints across a variety of species and cells types were affected.
• No consistent relationship found between power density, exposure duration, or frequency and the exposure effects.

Conclusion

The current body of studies does not provide sufficient information for a comprehensive safety assessment, emphasizing the need for more targeted research on non-thermal effects, particularly regarding local heat effects on small areas such as skin or eyes. Future studies require improvements in design and implementation for significant contributions to safety assessments.