Abstract

Overview

The growing concern regarding the potential impacts of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from 5G technology on semen quality forms the basis of this study.

Findings

• The study aims to explore the impact of 5G RF-EMR on the sperm membrane integrity, mitochondrial potential, and DNA integrity of in vitro exposed boar semen.
• Utilizing samples from Pietren and German Landrace breeds, the research segregated samples into control and experimental groups, with the latter exposed to 700 MHz, 2500 MHz, and 3500 MHz frequencies.
• Significant findings reveal that all frequencies led to increased DNA fragmentation. Exposure at frequencies of 2500 MHz and 3500 MHz observed the maximum amount of DNA damage.
• A notable impact was also seen in the proportion of spermatozoa with damaged cell membranes at the higher frequency exposure, particularly at 3500 MHz, where sperm vitality indicators including mitochondrial potential were significantly affected.

Conclusion

This study concludes that in vitro exposure to 5G RF-EMR notably increases DNA fragmentation in boar semen, indicating a detrimental effect on semen quality that is dependent on frequency exposure. The highest frequency tested, 3500 MHz, exhibited the most severe effects.