Abstract

Overview

Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields (RF-EMF) are widely prevalent in environment and have been a subject of research since the 1970s for their potential effects on male reproductive health and embryonic development. This study is structured to conduct a systematic review of these effects based on experimental studies involving non-human mammals and human sperm exposed in vitro.

Background

Ample experimental data suggests potential adverse effects of environmental level RF-EMF on male reproductive systems and developing embryos.

Objectives

• Evaluate the effects of RF-EMF on male fertility.
• Review the impact on pregnancy outcomes.
• Assess the influence on embryonic development.

Methodology

The review will encompass studies with controlled RF-EMF exposures across 100 kHz to 300 GHz frequency range, examining male reproductive systems, in vitro exposed human sperm, and in utero exposed experimental mammals.

Study Appraisal

Evaluation of studies will utilize the Risk of Bias tools from NTP/OHAT and SYRCLE. Where data allows, meta-analysis will be performed; otherwise, a narrative synthesis will be provided.

Funding and Registration

Supported by the World Health Organization with comprehensive registration details provided including OSF and PROSPERO numbers.