Effects of Radiofrequency Field exposure on male fertility & pregnancy & birth outcomes: Protocols for a systematic review of experimental studies in non-human mammals & in human sperm exposed in vitro

Abstract

Overview

Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields (RF-EMF) are prevalent in the environment and have been linked to male reproductive issues and developmental risks in embryos. The complexity of previous research methodologies limits the consistency of results, introducing a need for more systematic review and methodologically sound evaluations.

Objectives

• Evaluate the impacts of RF-EMF exposure on male fertility and pregnancy outcomes.
• Systematic review of experimental studies in compliance with international guidelines.
• Structure evidence into three main streams depending on the subject of study, including impacts on experimental mammals, human sperm in vitro, and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes with delayed effects.

Methodology

Studies will be selected based on defined criteria from electronic databases and manual searches. Various tools such as Risk of Bias (RoB) and GRADE will be utilized to ensure a high standard of evidence synthesis which could range from meta-analyses to narrative syntheses depending on data availability.

Funding and Registration

This study is supported by the World Health Organization and registered under OSF and PROSPERO with specific registration numbers provided.