Millimeter (MM) wave and microwave frequency radiation produce deeply penetrating effects: the biology and the physics

Abstract

Overview

Millimeter wave (MM-wave) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are almost completely absorbed within the outer 1 mm of the body, suggesting limited penetration. However, effects including changes in EEG and increases in electromagnetic hypersensitivity indicate deeper impacts.

Findings

• Rodents and other species experience effects on brain, liver, and other organs.
• Humans show neurological changes, hypersensitivity reactions, and impacts on ulcers and cardiac activity.
• Electronically generated EMFs differ from natural ones, with coherent EMFs producing stronger effects due to their high level of penetration.
• The relationship between electrical and magnetic fields changes in biological tissues, facilitating deep penetration of magnetic fields.
• Voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) activation is a primary mechanism through which EMFs exert effects, with both indirect and direct pathways influencing tissue deep within the body.

Conclusion

This review underscores the complex interaction between EMF characteristics and biological impact, highlighting the need for revised safety guidelines that account for the coherence and penetration capabilities of EMFs, especially in the context of emerging technologies like 5G.