Genetic analysis of cryptochrome in insect magnetosensitivity

Abstract

Overview

The earth's magnetic field significantly influences the migrations and navigational skills of numerous animals, especially birds. Unlike these creatures, model organisms such as the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster, are easier to analyze genetically and can be examined for magnetic field responses in controlled lab environments.

Findings

• This study concentrates on the cryptochromes (CRYs), initially identified in Arabidopsis and Drosophila, which are essential for circadian photo-entrainment.
• Physico-chemical research indicates that upon photo-activation, a bound flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) in CRY generates a FADo- Trpo+ radical pair. This occurs as electrons transfer across a sequence of specific tryptophan residues, showcasing that the quantum spin chemistry of these radicals is sensitive to magnetic fields.
• Experiments altering CRY in various insects through gene editing and other genetic techniques have unveiled unexpected results concerning their magnetosensitivity.

Conclusion

The manipulation of cryptochrome shows significant potential in understanding magnetic sensitivity, guided by recent advancements in both in vivo and in vitro studies, highlighting the intricate connection of these organisms to electromagnetic fields and possible health implications.