Investigation of the Adverse Health Effects of Cell Phone Radiation and Propose Solutions to Minimize Them: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Overview

Today, mobile phones are among the most prevalent sources of electromagnetic radiation, accessible to more than seven billion individuals worldwide across all age groups. The biological impact of electromagnetic radiation from these devices has been a subject of scientific scrutiny for several years.

Methods

This systematic review targeted articles from international databases—including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Cochrane—covering literature from 2007 to 2022 by applying appropriate keywords.

Findings

• Exposure to cell phone radiation can disturb the metabolic activity of the cerebellum by increasing granulosa cell migration.
• There is an association with decreased amniotic fluid volume in pregnant women.
• A reduction in blood platelet numbers was observed.
• Elevated levels of ALT and AST, biomarkers of liver damage, were linked to exposure.
• Decreased phagocytosis and induced apoptosis in neutrophils were reported.
• Changes in glucose levels and pancreatic tissue, potentially predisposing to diabetes, were observed.
• Temperature increases were noted across all depths of brain tissue.
• In children, EMF exposure was linked to increased ovarian volume, weight, follicle atresia, and additional biological changes including oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation.

Conclusion

Mobile phone radiation poses potential harm dependent on factors such as intensity, frequency, wave type, and exposure duration, leading to a range of biological effects in humans. Due to unresolved uncertainties and mechanisms underlying these effects, ongoing research is essential.