Challenges on the effect of cell phone radiation on mammalian embryos and fetuses: a review of the literature

Abstract

Overview

Cell phones emit radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) across various frequency bands. Growing concerns have arisen globally regarding the potential health hazards these emissions pose, particularly how they're absorbed into body cells, directly influencing cellular structures and functions.

Findings

• In vitro and in vivo animal studies have linked cell phone RF-EMR exposure to lower rates of fertilization and embryo development and increased developmental anomalies; however, other studies report no interference with fertilization success rates or chromosome aberration rates.
• Human studies are unethical, but anatomical, physiological, and genetic similarities with other mammals provide a valid model for observation and investigations.
• Specific risks to pregnant women and effects on germ cells through various cellular changes like DNA damage and protein misfolding were noted, underscoring the susceptibility of germ cells and the vulnerability of pregnant women to RF-EMR.
• Recommendations for reducing exposure include avoiding carrying phones in pockets and using hands-free devices to minimize direct exposure.

Conclusion

Current animal data does not conclusively indicate RF-EMR's impact on embryo development in humans, emphasizing the need for further studies to elucidate the effects and mechanisms of action associated with RF emissions from cell phones.