Abstract

Overview

Cell phones operate with a wide range of frequency bands and emit radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR). There is increasing concern that RF-EMR may be absorbed by body cells, potentially leading to health risks.

Findings

• Studies indicate both negative and inconclusive effects of RF-EMR on embryo development and offspring in animals.
• RF-EMR exposure may reduce fertilization rates and increase developmental anomalies, though some reports indicate no interference with in vitro fertilization success.
• Exposure scenarios include common practices like carrying mobile phones in pockets, potentially impacting germ cell development through mechanisms like protein misfolding and DNA damage.

Conclusion

More research is needed to confidently state the effects of RF-EMR from cell phones on mammalian, particularly human, embryo development. This highlights the need for further investigation using advanced techniques to understand these associations.