Abstract

Overview

During the modern era, various common devices such as mobile phones, televisions, microwaves, and wireless devices have integrated into our daily lives. These technologies emit radiofrequency (RF) waves, exposing almost everyone continuously due to their ubiquitous presence in the environment.

Findings

• Long-term exposure to non-ionizing radiation could harm the male reproductive system and potentially increase cancer risks.
• Review highlights contradictory studies about the genomic impact of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) on male fertility, covering in vitro and in vivo research.
• Details damage mechanisms like DNA fragmentation, oxidative stress, and chromosomal aberrations induced by RF exposure.
• Discusses the complexity of the results showing both harmful and negligible genotoxic effects from RF exposure.

Conclusion

This review synthesizes the genotoxic effects of RF radiation, revealing significant concerns about DNA damage and male reproductive health. It emphasizes the need for further comprehensive studies to clarify these effects fully. The mixed findings indicate potential genotoxicity linked to cancer risk, although some studies report minimal damage.