Abstract

Abstract Overview

Modern devices such as mobile phones, televisions, and wireless technologies have become a ubiquitous part of daily life, emitting radiofrequency (RF) waves extensively. This review focuses on the impact of RF electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) on male reproductive health, particularly in terms of genotoxic effects.

Key Findings

• The study discusses the potential genetic health effects of long-term exposure to RF waves including DNA damage and genomic instability.
• In-depth analysis of both in vitro and in vivo studies is conducted to evaluate the role of RF radiation inducing DNA damage, micronuclei formation, chromosomal aberrations, and increased oxidative stress.
• Despite contradictory findings across various studies, evidence suggests that RF radiation could contribute to male infertility and cancer risks.

Conclusions

This review provides a comprehensive examination of genotoxic effects due to RF radiation, focusing on various biomarkers like DNA fragmentation and micronuclei. While some studies find no significant damage to DNA integrity, the cumulative effects of repeated exposure, influenced by factors like exposure duration and proximity to source, might lead to significant reproductive health challenges. Continued research is necessary to solidly determine the mechanisms of DNA damage and their long-term consequences.