Abstract

Overview

The use of electromagnetic field (EMF)-emitting devices has raised significant concerns regarding male infertility, prompting investigations into potential protective agents.

Findings

• Study examined the effects of EMF exposure on male rats: 900 MHz for 2 hours/day over 8 weeks.
• Significant decreases in sperm count, viability, and motility alongside increases in sperm deformities were observed.
• Alterations in hormonal profiles were noted, including decreased inhibin B and testosterone levels, with increases in activin A, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and estradiol.
• EMF exposure reduced testicular expressions and activities relating to steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis.
• Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses were triggered by EMF, evident from increased testicular lipid peroxidation, and elevated levels of nuclear factor-kappa B p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and caspase-3.
• DNA damage in testicular cells was indicated by heightened comet parameters.
• Spermine administration mitigated these EMF-induced disruptions effectively.

Conclusion

Exposure to EMF significantly disrupts testicular and reproductive functions in male rats, highlighting a clear risk to fertility. The administration of spermine offers significant protective effects against these disruptions through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.