Lung Cell Toxicity of Co-Exposure to Airborne Particulate Matter and Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Field

Abstract

Overview

The study examines the combined effects of airborne particulate matter (PM) and extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) on human lung cells, specifically targeting occupational environments where co-exposure is likely.

Methodology

• Exposure levels of particulate matter were determined using NIOSH-0500 standards for total PM (TPM) and specifically SiO2 and metal contents assessed via NIOSH-7602 and 7302.
• The effects of 900 mG ELF-MF were also included, simulating real-world occupational exposure.

Findings

Key indicators such as malondialdehyde production, glutathione ratios, gene activity, and DNA integrity were investigated:

• Exclusive TPM exposure at 4 µg showed toxicity through MDA generation, reduced glutathione, and DNA damages.
• Gene expressions of OGG1 and MTH1 increased post-TPM exposure, while ITPA gene was upregulated due to the ELF-MF.
• Co-exposure to TPM and ELF-MF notably reduced oxidative stress and DNA damage compared to exposure solely to TPM.

Conclusion

Although the addition of ELF-MF exposure minimized some of the toxic responses to particulate matter, the reduction in toxicity did not extend to levels observed in unexposed cells. This suggests a complex interaction between ELF-MF and particulate matter that may modulate cellular responses, a crucial insight for occupational health safety.