Abstract

Overview

The usage of electromagnetic field (EMF)-emitting technologies, such as mobile phones and other wireless devices, is rapidly increasing globally. This surge has triggered extensive studies on their biological effects using both in vitro and in vivo methodologies.

Findings

• This study focused on the direct effects of 900 MHz EMF on various sperm parameters in healthy normozoospermic men.
• Key sperm parameters investigated included motility, progressive motility, acrosomal index, morphology, genetic status, apoptotic markers, and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
• Results showed significant reduction in sperm motility after 30 minutes of EMF exposure and an increase in p-AKT expression with 1 hour of exposure.
• Negative effects such as increased vacuolisation, acrosomal defect, extension of subacrosomal space, uncondensed chromatin structure, and signs of apoptosis were observed post-exposure.
• Other parameters such as morphology, acrosomal index, genetic status, and PI3K expression rates remained unchanged.

Conclusion

This preliminary study highlights the possible adverse effects of 900 MHz radiation from EMF on human sperm quality and provides a molecular understanding of these changes. Further studies are needed to explore these findings in detail.