Abstract

Overview

With the continual advances in technology, concerns are rising related to the biological impacts of electromagnetic fields (EMF) from devices like mobile phones. Various epidemiological and experimental studies suggest a range of adverse effects on human health.

Findings

• EMF can affect cellular structures and functions, activating mechanisms such as voltage-gated calcium channels which lead to protein misfolding and DNA damage.
• The study discusses how EMF exposure particularly influences germ cell processes like fertilization, oogenesis, and spermatogenesis through oxidative stress and alterations in nitric oxide levels.
• Concerning effects on the reproductive systems, the review carefully evaluates recent studies related to GSM-modulated EMFs and reproductive health.

Conclusion

Mobile phone-related EMF exposure is connected to significant adverse effects on both male and female reproductive capabilities by mechanisms such as increased ROS production and decreased antioxidant capacity. The review underscores the urgent need for standardized exposure protocols in future studies to unravel the mechanistic pathways and alleviate potential health risks.

For a comprehensive understanding, Table 1 in the study offers a summary of key research findings on the metabolomic impacts of EMF on reproductive systems.