Is It Time to Reconsider Chronic Electromagnetic Field Exposure as a Possible Risk Factor in Oral Cancer?

Authors: Nitya K, Hema Shree K

Year: 2025

Category: Epidemiology

Journal: Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2025.102703

URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468785525004884

Abstract

Introduction

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) stands as a significant global health concern, commonly linked to tobacco, alcohol, and betel quid use. However, an increasing number of OSCC cases are now seen among those without these established risk factors. Chronic electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure—primarily from mobile phones and wireless devices—has been categorized as possibly carcinogenic, but its role in triggering oral cancer has not been systematically examined.

Technical Note

  • Biological Plausibility: Prolonged, localized EMF exposure may result in DNA damage, increased oxidative stress, and epigenetic changes in oral epithelial tissues.
  • Pilot Studies & Models: Evidence from cytogenetic studies, laboratory cell models, and limited epidemiological observations point to an increased frequency of micronucleus formation and altered cellular stress responses in buccal mucosal cells among long-term mobile phone users.
  • Possible Carcinogenic Synergy: While a direct causal link to OSCC is not established, these results indicate that EMFs may contribute to oral cancer risk by themselves or amplify the effects of known carcinogens.

Discussion

  • There is an urgent requirement for comprehensive in vitro, in vivo, and population-based studies to clarify whether chronic EMF exposure is a driver of oral cancer.
  • Raising this hypothesis should not be seen as alarmist, but rather as a necessary prompt for rigorous scientific investigation.
  • Should future studies support the link, resulting evidence could lead to updates in preventive guidelines and public health policies related to everyday EMF exposure.
electromagnetic fields oral cancer OSCC carcinogenesis mobile phone exposure public health DNA damage
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