Detrimental impact of cell phone radiation on sperm DNA integrity (Review)

Authors: Koohestanidehaghi Y, Khalili MA, Dehghanpour F, Seify M

Year: 2024 Jan 24

Category: Reproductive Health, Electromagnetic Field Safety

Journal: Clin Exp Reprod Med

DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2023.06121

URL: https://ecerm.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.5653/cerm.2023.06121

Abstract

Overview

Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) emitted from sources such as mobile phones generates broad pulses within certain frequency bands. These pulses can be absorbed by cellular structures, potentially influencing their function and health. Among everyday devices, mobile phones have been extensively studied for their effects on reproductive cells, particularly sperm and oocytes, due to their prolific use worldwide.

Findings

  • Laboratory investigations indicate that RF-EMR exposure from mobile phones can detrimentally affect multiple parameters of sperm health—motility, morphology, viability, and DNA structure.
  • Contradictory research exists, with some studies reporting no observable impact of RF-EMR exposure on sperm function or genetic integrity. Discrepancies are likely due to variable study conditions such as exposure duration, distance, and the animal models used.
  • This review synthesizes evidence regarding the detrimental effects of RF-EMR on the DNA integrity of mammalian spermatozoa.

Mechanisms & Health Implications

Electromagnetic waves (EMWs) can trigger oxidative stress in cells, leading to:

  • Reduced sperm mobility
  • Morphological abnormalities
  • Acrosome disturbances
  • Damage to sperm nucleus and genetic material
  • Single- and double-strand DNA fragmentation
  • Possible apoptosis of sperm

Such genetic damage can compromise fertility and possibly lead to infertility if DNA repair mechanisms fail.

Risk Mitigation & Practical Advice

Heavy cell phone use and proximity to the male reproductive organs (e.g., carrying phones in trouser pockets, use of Bluetooth) may increase RF-EMR exposure and induce negative changes in sperm quality through oxidative stress. Studies recommend minimizing daily exposure to RF-EMR sources to prevent irreversible harm.

Policy & Public Health Perspective

The European Parliament's 2021 report, Health impact of 5G, classified commonly used RF-EMFs as likely carcinogenic to humans, with definitive impacts on male fertility and possible adverse effects on embryonic and fetal development. Key recommendations to reduce risk include using non-wireless connections, increasing distance from RF-EMR sources, turning off devices when not in use, and following safe phone usage habits.

RF-EMR sperm DNA integrity cell phone radiation oxidative stress male fertility electromagnetic fields health risk
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