External RF-EMF alters cell number and ROS balance possibly via the regulation of NADPH metabolism and apoptosis

Abstract

Overview

The influence of weak radio-frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) on living organisms raises new concern due to the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) frequency band at 6.78 MHz being promoted by the AirFuel Alliance for mid-range wireless power transfer (WPT) applications and product development. Human exposure to RF-EMF radiation is unavoidable.

Methods

• In vitro cell culture
• Molecular biology approaches
• Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses

These were used to uncover the effects of RF-EMF on cells at both molecular and cellular levels.

Findings

• Weak RF-EMF exerts non-thermal effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).
• Exposure leads to:
  • Promotion of cell proliferation
  • Inhibition of apoptosis
  • Deregulation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) balance
• Alterations were identified in several signaling pathways and key enzymes involved in NADPH metabolism, cell proliferation, and ferroptosis.

Conclusion

Our study provides solid evidence for the first time that the present safety standards, which solely consider the thermal effect of RF-EMF on cell tissue, are inadequate. A prompt response and modification of existing guidelines, standards, and regulations are warranted to ensure safety concerning RF-EMF exposure.