Abstract

Overview

Numerous studies have indicated the potential health risks associated with radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR). This study investigates the effects of 3500 MHz RF-EMR on anxiety-like behavior and the auditory cortex in guinea pigs.

Methodology

Forty male guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups and subjected to a continuous wave of 3500 MHz RF-EMF. The exposure involved an average specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0, 2, 4, or 10 W/kg over a period of 72 hours.

Findings

• Significant increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels within the auditory cortex were noted (P < 0.05).
• A notable reduction in antioxidant enzyme activities, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), was observed in exposure groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05).
• Ultrastructural alterations in the auditory cortex, characterized by swollen mitochondria and layered myelin sheaths, were documented. These changes are often indicative of cellular stress or damage.
• Evidence of cytochrome-c relocation and the activation of caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3 suggest apoptosis triggered by a mitochondria-dependent mechanism.

Conclusion

Oxidative stress appears to be a critical factor in the biological effects of RF-EMR, leading to ultrastructural damage and apoptosis in the auditory cortex. This damage escalates with increasing specific absorption rates. However, it's crucial to note that RF-EMR did not exacerbate hearing loss or anxiety levels. The detailed mechanisms and broader implications of these findings call for further research, especially regarding the safety and health implications of prolonged exposure to RF-EMR, particularly in human populations.