Thermal and non-thermal health effects of low intensity non-ionizing radiation: An international perspective

Abstract

Overview

Exposure to low frequency and radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) at low intensities is identified as a significant health hazard that remains underappreciated by prominent health organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO).

Findings

• Demonstrable health risks include increased brain cancer risk linked to long-term mobile phone use both in humans and animals.
• EMFs are suggested to cause DNA damage, gene expression alterations, and induction of reactive oxygen species through epigenetic and genetic processes.
• Adverse effects on both male and female reproduction are nearly certain due to reactive oxygen species generation.
• Evidence of neurobehavioral decrements and conditions such as 'electro-hypersensitivity' or 'microwave illness' are reported.
• Current standards set by international bodies are critiqued for not being protective of human health, especially for vulnerable populations like children.

Conclusion

Substantive evidence calls for urgent action from national and international health bodies to review and revise exposure standards to EMFs, considering the emerging data demonstrating a clear risk to public health, notably in children who are more susceptible to such exposures.