Abstract

Overview

The study investigates the impact of electrical stimulation (ES) on neural differentiation and the potential molecular mechanisms supporting this effect. This research aims to shed light on improving strategies for nerve regeneration treatments.

Findings

• Enhanced neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells was noted when electrical field intensity was maintained at 30-80 mV/mm.
• Both lower and higher intensities than this range displayed reduced effectiveness.
• Significant internal cellular changes were measured, including increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular Ca2+ dynamics, and TREK-1 protein expression with higher electric field intensities.
• Comparison studies highlighted that an electric field intensity of 50 mV/mm for 2 hours per day and a hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) concentration of 5 µM in culture media produced similar outcomes.
• Larger concentrations of H₂O₂ (10 µM and 20 µM) led to adverse effects on cell differentiation and DNA damage.
• High electric field intensities (e.g., 100 mV/mm) were associated with higher ROS levels and reduced enhancement in neuronal differentiation, indicating potential cellular and DNA risks.

Conclusion

The study indicates that electrical stimulation can be a viable method for enhancing neuronal differentiation but highlights the critical balance of intensity to avoid cellular stress and potential health risks. It is imperative to monitor the electric field intensities to maximize therapeutic benefits while mitigating health risks associated with excessive ROS levels and electric field exposure.