Abstract

Overview

The escalating use of wireless technology highlights the critical need to understand its potential effects on biological systems, especially during sensitive developmental periods such as prenatal growth.

Findings

This study explored the impact of microwave radiation (MR) at 2.45 GHz on prenatal Wistar albino rats. Key parameters of exposure included a mean power density of 2.8 mW/cm² and a specific absorption rate of 1.82 W/kg, with a 2-hour daily exposure throughout pregnancy. Following birth, male offspring were not subjected to further MR exposure.

• Observations at adulthood (75 days post-birth) revealed significant degenerative changes in testicular tissues.
• Notable alterations included irregular seminiferous tubule shapes, degenerated germ cells, and a decreased diameter of seminiferous tubules and germinal epithelium height.
• Increased interstitial space and vacuolation in somatic and germ cells were evident.
• Adverse effects on cell structures like Leydig cells and heightened levels of Fluoro Jade - C and superoxide dismutase 2 were also detected.

Conclusion

The results confirm the detrimental effects of prenatal exposure to microwave radiation on the testicular development of male offspring, suggesting significant health risks and substantiating the need for careful consideration of EMF exposure during pregnancy.