Abstract

Overview

The article aims to review the impact of microwave radiation on biological systems, highlighting the deep historical interest in the interaction between electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and life processes. Microwaves, defined by their wavelength range of 1 mm to 1 m, are increasingly utilized in various technologies, including mobile phones.

Findings

• Microwaves impact biological functions at cellular and molecular levels, potentially causing toxicity and genotoxicity.
• Despite significant attention, no definitive mechanism has been established to explain these biological impacts.

Conclusions

Public concern over microwave emissions from wireless technology is growing, with increasing research suggesting potential adverse effects on various biological systems. While some studies have identified protective measures and interventions, such as protective clothing and antioxidants, definitive preventive methods are still underdeveloped. Microwaves are also noted to have utility, like resistance to ionizing radiation, but potential long-term harms, especially in proximity to strong radiation sources and with prolonged exposure, need further investigation.