Impact of a Terahertz electromagnetic field on the ion permeation of potassium and sodium channels

Authors: Song Z, Xue L, Ouyang Q, et al.

Year: 2025

Category: Biophysics

Journal: Communications Chemistry

DOI: 10.1038/s42004-025-01503-4

URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s42004-025-01503-4

Abstract

Overview

Ion channels play a crucial role in physiological processes, and their dysfunction is linked to numerous diseases.
Prior studies suggest that Terahertz electromagnetic fields (THz-EMF) can modify channel conductance by influencing the motion of specific chemical groups within ion channels, thereby affecting neural electric signals.

Findings

  • Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to systematically explore the impact of THz-EMF on voltage-gated potassium and sodium channels, especially focusing on bound ions in the selectivity filters—an area not extensively studied previously.
  • The study identified multiple new characteristic frequencies:
    • 1.4, 2.2, or 2.9 THz fields increase ion permeability of Kv1.2 potassium channels
    • 2.5 or 48.6 THz fields enhance ion permeability of Nav1.5 sodium channels
  • The effects are specific to both frequency and direction of the applied electric field, which are determined by intrinsic oscillation motions either of the permeating ions within the selectivity filter or certain channel chemical groups.
  • There is a positive correlation between THz field amplitude and the degree of change in ion permeation.

Conclusion

This research provides evidence that terahertz electromagnetic fields can specifically regulate ion channel conductance through several mechanisms. These findings indicate a notable interaction between electromagnetic field exposure and biological ion channels, highlighting potential risks and biomedical applications.
Importantly, the results reinforce that electromagnetic field exposure at specific frequencies and amplitudes can modulate key biophysical processes linked to health effects.

Terahertz electromagnetic field ion channels potassium channels sodium channels molecular dynamics channel conductance
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