RF-EMF Exposure Assessment: Comparison of Measurements in Airports and Flights with and Without Wi-Fi Service
Abstract
Overview
This study presents the results of personal exposure measurements to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) from 2.4 GHz and 5.85 GHz Wi-Fi frequency bands. The assessments were conducted in key transit environments:
- Inside international airport terminals
- During airplane takeoff and landing
- Inside airplanes while flying—with and without onboard Wi-Fi service, including periods of active Wi-Fi connection use
Findings
- Data was collected on four international flights (Spain–Mexico and Spain–Belgium, round trips) using two personal exposimeters (EME SPY 140 and EME Spy Evolution).
- Mean RF-EMF exposure (2.4 GHz Wi-Fi):
- Spain to Mexico: 93.9 μW/m2
- Spain to Belgium: 7.29 μW/m2
- Mexico to Spain: 26.7 μW/m2
- Belgium to Spain: 3.24 μW/m2
- Mean RF-EMF exposure (5.85 GHz Wi-Fi):
- Spain to Mexico: 46.4 μW/m2
- Spain to Belgium: 2.40 μW/m2
- Mexico to Spain: 9.87 μW/m2
- Belgium to Spain: 1.23 μW/m2
- All RF-EMF exposures measured, even those at the airport, were substantially below international reference levels (10 W/m2).
Conclusion
Personal exposure to RF-EMFs from Wi-Fi frequency bands inside airplanes and airports is low and far below internationally established reference limits. However, it is important to remain aware that any level of electromagnetic field exposure bears some health risk, as emerging evidence suggests a connection. Ongoing scientific monitoring and precautionary approaches are recommended for EMF safety.