Static magnetic fields as a factor in modification of tissue and cell structure: a review

Authors: Saletnik BA, Puchalska-Sarna A, Saletnik A, Lipa T, Dobrzanski B, Puchalski C

Year: 2024

Category: Biophysics

Journal: International Agrophysics

DOI: 10.31545/intagr/176998

URL: http://www.international-agrophysics.org/Static-magnetic-fields-as-a-factor-in-modification-of-tissue-and-cell-structure-a,176998,0,2.html

Abstract

Overview

This review aims to consolidate evidence regarding the effects of static magnetic fields (SMFs) on cells and tissue. It also presents research findings that elucidate the complex mechanisms involved in the formation and remodeling of cells and tissues exposed to SMFs.

Key Areas Studied

  • Cell viability and proliferation
  • Cell aggregation and differentiation
  • Cell structure and changes in membrane potential

Findings

  • Moderate SMFs in the range of 2-80 mT show significant potential for influencing the formation and remodeling of plant and animal cells, including human cells.
  • For cancer cells, strong magnetic fields (0.2-9 T) are commonly studied and reveal impactful biological effects.
  • SMFs can significantly change the potential of the cell membrane, affecting cell properties and functionality. This is considered a potential health risk and should be monitored closely.
  • Changes in plant cell cycle and growth, increased proliferation, and enhanced cell differentiation (notably over 30% in skeletal muscle tissue at 80 mT) have been documented.
  • Cells exposed to SMFs showed morphological changes, such as larger chloroplasts, stiffer cell walls, modified cytoskeletons, and increased mitochondrial content.
  • Continuous exposure can lead to membrane deformation and damage, indicating health and biological risks associated with static magnetic field exposure.
  • The effects of SMFs on plant, animal, and human cell membranes are similar; SMFs can alter membrane depolarization and ion channel activity, leading to broad changes in cellular function.

Conclusion

Static magnetic fields, depending on their intensity, can enhance cell proliferation and processes such as tissue regeneration and wound healing; alternately, they can inhibit cancer cell proliferation. However, the widespread cellular and tissue alterations—including membrane and structural modifications—demonstrate clear links to possible health impacts and risks. Ongoing research is essential to understand these EMF-associated health effects fully, particularly for non-invasive applications in humans and plants. Further investigations should focus on safety thresholds and long-term biological impacts of static magnetic field exposure.

static magnetic fields cell structure tissue remodeling membrane potential cell proliferation EMF health risk biological effects
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