Exposure to 5G-NR electromagnetic fields affects larval development of Aedes aegypti mosquito

Abstract

Overview

Telecommunication networks, including 5G New Radio (5G-NR), emit electromagnetic fields (EMFs) which can lead to widespread exposure among insects. To evaluate the biological impact of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure, this study focused on the larval development of Aedes aegypti, a key vector for dengue and other pathogens. The larvae were exposed to RF-EMFs at 3.6 GHz using a custom-designed and characterized reverberation chamber. Dosimetry was conducted through numerical simulations to quantify the absorbed doses during exposure.

Findings

• Two feeding regimes, varying in nutritional value, were used with larvae exposed for 5 days.
• At a lower RF exposure level (46.2 V/m and 1.2 W absorbed), development was notably slowed, especially in nutritionally weakened larvae, while well-nourished larvae remained largely unaffected.
• At a higher exposure level (182.6 V/m and 18.7 W absorbed), dielectric heating altered development timing and reduced adult size, indicating significant thermal effects.
• Neither mortality rates nor wing length asymmetry were affected by RF-EMF exposure, across both exposure levels.

Conclusion

Although aquatic invertebrates are unlikely to naturally encounter RF-EMF levels high enough to cause developmental effects, this research clearly demonstrates that such exposures can induce delayed development and thermal (dielectric heating) effects in larvae. These findings establish a foundation for setting safety thresholds and understanding the dose-response relationship for developmental effects of RF-EMF in insects. It is important to note the connection between EMF exposure and developmental changes, supporting the need for further research and considered safety guidelines.