Limiting exposure to radiofrequency radiation: the principles and possible criteria for health protection

Abstract

Overview

This study aims to discuss the principles and criteria necessary for protecting health against radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF). It examines both thermal and non-thermal mechanisms to set reasonable exposure limits for the general public in their living environments.

Findings

• The paper reviews recent analyses on RF EMF effects and utilizes RF EMF measurement data from various countries.
• Two models are explored based on the energetic and coherent qualities of RF EMF:
• Thermal Model: This model uses electromagnetic energy absorption thresholds to limit tissue heating.
• Non-Thermal Model: Based on coherent electric fields influence biological effects at constant temperatures without definite thresholds, indicating a potential continuous risk.
• The minimal biological impact level of RF EMF was found to range from 1.4 V/m to about 2.45 V/m.
• Historically, long-term exposure levels like broadcast radiation are at 6 V/m, to which populations might have adapted, showing no immediate observable health issues.
• Recent data suggests RF EMF levels do not exceed 5 V/m as newer technologies advance, potentially reducing exposure.

Conclusion

While it's impossible to entirely eliminate the health risks of RF EMF, setting limits such as a maximum of 6 V/m can minimize dangers to health. Technology advancements and the phase-out of older systems (like 2G and 3G) further decrease RF EMF levels, thereby potentially lowering health risks. Ongoing research and understanding temporal dynamics and higher frequency impacts (over 6000 MHz) remain crucial.