Genotoxic and histopathological effects of 6 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation on rat liver tissue

Authors: Ilgaz NS, Karamazi Y, Emre M, Toyran T, Karaoglan �, Emre T, D�nmez Kutlu M, �ks�z ��kayabasi H, Aydin �, Yilmaz MB

Year: 2025 Jul 22

Category: Toxicology, Experimental Biology

Journal: Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine

DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2025.2534381

URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15368378.2025.2534381

Abstract

Overview

This study investigated the genotoxic and histopathological effects of 6 GHz (0.065 W/kg) Radiofrequency-Electromagnetic Radiation (RF-EMR) on rat liver tissue. A sham (control) group and a Radiofrequency Radiation (RFR) group, each with 10 adult male rats, were utilized for this experiment. The sham group received no treatment. The RFR group was subjected to 6 GHz RF-EMR for 4 hours per day over a period of 42 days.

Findings

  • After exposure, liver tissues from both groups were examined.
  • Genotoxicity was assessed using the Comet Test, while Masson Trichrome and Hematoxylin Eosin staining methods were used for histopathological analysis.
  • The RFR group showed higher values in genetic damage index (GDI) and damaged cell percentage (DCP) compared to the sham group, though this increase was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).
  • Histopathologically, the RFR group exhibited more prominent portal inflammation, single cell necrosis, vascularity, and congestion relative to the control.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that 6 GHz RF-EMR exposure can cause histopathological and DNA-level changes in rat liver tissue. Notably, there were no prior studies specifically evaluating the genotoxic and histopathological effects of 6 GHz RF-EMR, highlighting the significance of the biological impacts of this frequency band.

RF-EMR liver genotoxicity histopathology 6 GHz electromagnetic fields rats
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