Exploring research trends in health effects of 5G antennas: a bibliometric analysis

Authors: Turgut A, Korunur Engiz B.

Year: 2025

Category: Epidemiology

Journal: Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine

Institution: Ericsson, Sony Corporation, University Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, National Institute Of Technology (NIT) System, Polytechnic University Of Milan, Zhejiang University, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR)

DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2025.2539147

URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15368378.2025.2539147

Abstract

Overview

This study explores research conducted on potential health effects related to 5G antennas. 5G is the latest wireless communication technology designed to increase internet speeds and connect more devices simultaneously. As 5G technology expands, antennas operating at different frequencies are being widely installed, raising public concerns about their safety and possible health impacts.

To better understand these developments and trends, the authors conducted a bibliometric analysis of studies published in the Web of Science database from 2012 to 2025. Dosimetric quantities "Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)" and "Power Density (Sab)"—core measurements for examining the health impacts of antennas—were thoroughly defined and their regulatory limits outlined.

Findings

  • Advanced information visualization technology was used to explore the yearly distribution of literature, author contributions, collaborations, top institutions, co-citation analysis, and keyword co-occurrence.
  • AI-assisted forecasting projected the numbers of relevant publications and citations for 2025-2029, with a notable increase in studies, particularly those centered on SAR and Sab measurement.
  • There has been a considerable increase in research output over the past five years with a focus on the health risks associated with electromagnetic exposure from 5G antennas, especially smartphone and emerging wearable antennas.
  • Most research currently emphasizes smartphone antennas, but there is rising interest in wearable devices and health-monitoring technologies in relation to EMF exposure.

Conclusion

The study underscores the necessity for ongoing research into the health risks of 5G EMF exposure, particularly with reference to SAR and Sab compliance. It highlights:

  • A strong and growing scientific and regulatory focus on the potential biological and health effects of 5G-related electromagnetic fields.
  • The need for interdisciplinary collaboration in bioelectromagnetic safety, regulatory initiatives, and improvement of data analysis techniques.
  • Current and future research will guide policymakers and help protect public health as 5G deployment and EMF exposure expand.

These findings strongly reinforce the connection between 5G EMF exposure and health risk, justifying the continued attention and study of such potential impacts.

5G health effects specific absorption rate power density electromagnetic fields bibliometric analysis public health
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