Comparative cyto- and genotoxicity of 900 MHz and 1800 MHz electromagnetic field radiations in root meristems of Allium cepa

Abstract

Overview

In recent decades, the surge in wireless electronic devices like cell phones has increased electromagnetic field radiations (EMF-r) in our environment. This study addresses the impact of such radiations on biological systems, specifically plant life.

Findings

• The study explored cytotoxic and DNA damaging effects of 900 and 1800 MHz EMF-r on onion root meristematic cells, assessing metrics such as mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations (CAs), and comet assay results.
• Onion bulbs were exposed to specific densities of 900 and 1800 MHz EMF-r, showing significant alterations such as reduced root length and increased root thickness.
• Marked cytogenetic effects include increased CAs and MI, particularly at higher frequencies and longer exposure durations.
• DNA fragmentation increased with EMF-r exposure, indicated by decreased percentage of DNA in the head and increased DNA in the tail of comet assay visuals.

Conclusion

The findings confirm that EMF-r within communication range frequencies detrimentally impacts plant root meristems, inducing both cytotoxic and DNA damage. The effect was more severe at 1800 MHz than at 900 MHz, suggesting a dose-dependent relationship in frequency exposure.