Effect of Static Electromagnetic Field on Growth Parameters, Survival Rate, Sex Distribution, Ratio, and Liver and Gonadal Health of Zebrafish

Authors: �ek S, �nal E, Dogan EA, Yaras KU, Dede K, Karaaslan M

Year: 2025 Aug 25

Category: Environmental Toxicology

Journal: Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

DOI: 10.1007/s00128-025-04103-z

URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40855214/

Abstract

Overview

This study examines the impact of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on key biological parameters in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Researchers evaluated sex ratio, survival, and organ health after exposing embryos to static EMFs for 63 days post-hatching across five aquariums with varying EMF intensities based on distance from the source (30-99 cm). A control group was maintained in EMF-free conditions.

Findings

  • Sex Distribution: The most intense exposure (30 cm) resulted in complete feminization (100%) of the zebrafish population (p < 0.001). All EMF-exposed groups exhibited significant deviations from the natural 1:1 sex ratio.
  • Survival Rate: EMF-exposed groups experienced drastically reduced survival rates (<35%) compared to the control group (82.5%).
  • Organ Health: Histological examination revealed gonadal abnormalities, necrosis, and liver degeneration in zebrafish subjected to EMF exposure.

Conclusion

These findings provide the first documented evidence that static EMF exposure disrupts sex ratios and compromises overall health in zebrafish, a commonly used aquatic model. The predominance of females in EMF-exposed groups suggests potential long-term ecological risks, with significant implications for population stability and biodiversity not only in aquatic systems but also with potential repercussions for terrestrial environments as well.

EMF zebrafish sex ratio survival rate organ health aquatic toxicology biodiversity
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