Abstract

Overview

The biodiversity of insects is under significant threat globally. Research spanning decades underscores a marked decline in insect populations, prominently among vital pollinators critical for agricultural crop pollination. This decline is largely linked to traditional factors such as agricultural practices and the use of pesticides.

Findings

• Numerous studies point to a noteworthy reduction in insect biodiversity attributed to agricultural intensification and pesticide deployment.
• Ample evidence suggests that non-thermal microwave radiation has impacted insects for over half a century.
• The review indicates electromagnetic radiation as a plausible, complementary cause, working alongside other environmental stresses such as climate change, invasive species, and pesticides.

Conclusion

The potential hazards of electromagnetic radiation on insects remain uncertain yet plausible, advocating for a cautious approach. Emphasizing precaution, the study recommends that any further deployment of technologies such as 5G should be carefully evaluated to avoid exacerbating the decline in insect populations, which are crucial to both natural ecosystems and human agriculture.

Highlighted Need for Precaution: Given the unresolved impact of EMR on biodiversity, the study underscores the necessity of applying the precautionary principle prior to advancements in new electromagnetic technologies including 5G networks.