Abstract

Abstract Summary

In an investigation into the decline of the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) particularly in European urban areas, multiple hypotheses have been evaluated to identify their rapid disappearance. A significant factor arising from previous research is the increasing levels of electromagnetic radiation which correlates negatively with the presence of house sparrows, suggesting a strong impact leading to their absence in heavily polluted areas.

• Electromagnetic radiation is highlighted as a critical pollution factor affecting reproductive success, fertility, local insect populations (a primary food source), habitat quality, immune responses, and disease prevalence in sparrows.
• This type of radiation, elevated by the expansion of mobile telephony networks, is suggested as a prime factor in correlation with sparrows’ decline.
• Non-thermal effects of electromagnetic radiation have also been documented to affect birds directly, potentially exacerbating the decline.

This comprehensive approach underscores the necessity of considering electromagnetic radiation as a serious risk factor for the decline of the House Sparrow, possibly in combination with other environmental stresses.