Measurements of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, including 5G, in the city of Columbia, SC, USA

Abstract

Overview

The study conducted measurements to analyze the exposure to radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields, including next-generation 5G, in the city center of Columbia, SC, USA. A specific route in downtown encompassing business, recreational, and shopping districts was selected for evaluation.

Methodology

Measurements were carried out five times on different days and times using an exposimeter that covered all major civilian wireless broadcasting and downlink sources within 88-5,850 MHz frequency range. The mean exposure across all frequency bands was reported at 1.240 V/m, with a peak exposure of 6.867 V/m.

Findings

• Exposure levels were notably lower during weekends, decreasing by 12-16% compared to business hours.
• A total of 15-20 hotspot areas with heightened RF EMF exposure were identified.
• Significant sources of RF exposure included cell phone base station antennas situated on utility poles close to street level.

Conclusion

Given the findings, it is recommended that cell phone base stations be made more distinct and marked adequately to aid individuals in minimizing their exposure by maintaining distance from these RF sources. With the ongoing expansion of 5G networks, the public exposure is expected to rise in forthcoming years, underscoring the importance of effective public health communication and infrastructure management.