Very high radiofrequency radiation at Skeppsbron in Stockholm, Sweden from mobile phone base station antennas positioned close to pedestrians’ heads

Abstract

Overview

In the urban locale of Skeppsbron street, Stockholm, the upsurge of public exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields due to the positioning of mobile phone base station antennas is alarming. These antennas, alarmingly placed at a low level close to pedestrian areas, are creating "radiofrequency hotspots."

Methodology

The study employs a detailed spatial distribution analysis using a radiofrequency broadband analyzer and a portable exposimeter to map areas of heightened radiation.

Findings

• The highest spatial average radiation detected was 12.1 V/m with an energy density of 388 mW/m².
• The peak radiation measurement reached 31.6 V/m, corresponding to an energy density of 2648 mW/m², indicating significant exposure.
• Significant radiation exposure primarily stemmed from the mobile phone downlink bands, notably the 2600 MHz and 2100 MHz bands associated with 4G and 3G services, respectively.
• The data aligns with findings from previous studies that indicate a rising trend in ambient RF radiation exposure levels in Stockholm.

Conclusion

This study underscores the substandard radiofrequency infrastructure design around Skeppsbron area in Stockholm, highlighting it as a cause for concern due to the resultant high exposure levels to pedestrians and the general vicinity.