Abstract

Abstract Overview

The study examines the risks posed by RF radiation from mobile phone base stations, highlighting a serious emerging public health concern due to widespread use of wireless technologies.

Study Objectives and Methods

The primary goal was to classify and characterize RF radiation exposure near mobile phone antennas in Khartoum. Data collection occurred in two phases; initially in 2012 and later from September 2019 to January 2020, involving measurements from 282 antennas across different frequencies. These antennas were operated by three major telecommunication providers. Advanced tools like frequency-selective RF analyzers, ANOVA, and spatial analysis with ArcGIS were employed to ensure precise data handling.

Key Findings

• Measurements indicate significant spatial variability with highest RF density measured at distances around 110 meters from antennas.
• Different frequencies showed varied levels of exposure, with GSM900 and UMTS being statistically significant in terms of power density differences between different providers.
• Special emphasis was found on regions like market places and residential areas where the highest levels of RF exposure were recorded.

Significant Concerns

Instances of RF exposure exceeding international limits were detected and warrant further scrutiny. The crossover of antenna ownership among companies suggests compounded exposure risks, with notable RF levels escalating up to, and potentially beyond, 190 meters from source points.

Conclusion

The demonstrated significant differences in RF radiation exposure underscores the need for continuous monitoring and regulation to prevent potential health risks associated with prolonged RF exposure.