Spatial variability of outdoor exposure to radiofrequency radiation from mobile phone base stations, in Khartoum, Sudan

Abstract

Overview

The study assesses the exposure to radiofrequency (RF) radiation from mobile phone base stations in Khartoum, Sudan, reflecting concerns about the potential health risks associated with RF radiation.

Methodology

• Spatial distribution measurements were conducted in two phases: a pilot in 2012 and a more extensive survey from September 2019 to January 2020.
• Measurements covered 282 antennas operated by three major mobile companies, coded for security as Company A, B, and C.
• The study used a frequency-selective RF analyzer at fixed distances to measure power densities.

Findings

• Average power densities were recorded for GSM900 (0.01933 W/m2), GSM1800 (0.0067 W/m2), and UMTS2100 (0.0046 W/m2).
• Significant spatial variability in RF exposure was noted, especially in urban residential quarters and marketplaces.
• Some measurements exceeded the ICNIRP limits but were excluded from important calculations due to data normality issues.

Conclusion

The results indicate significant spatial variability and potential extended ranges of high RF exposure, necessitating further investigation due to possible health impacts. The methodologies employed, including linear discriminant analysis and spatial interpolation, confirm significant differences in exposure levels between the different mobile companies.