A Survey on EMF-Aware Mobile Network Planning

Authors: Faye S, et al.

Year: 2023

Category: Telecommunications

Journal: IEEE Access

Institution: IEEE

DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3297098

URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10215090

Abstract

Overview

Electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure from the radio frequency (RF) domain is critical in deploying new cellular network technologies. European countries enforce strict EMF limits to protect densely populated areas.

Challenges with 5G Technology

  • Prior to 5G, EMF limits were manageable through calculation methods during network planning.
  • 5G uses Massive MIMO and TDD technologies allowing antennas to behave dynamically, leading to complex RF-EMF estimations and potential overestimations.
  • The dynamic nature of 5G antenna systems, coupled with larger antenna arrays, complicates the adherence to EMF limits without reducing output power—thus potentially limiting network performance.

Regulatory and Estimation Methods

Examines global and European regulatory frameworks with a case study on Luxembourg, which has stricter limits. Discusses EMF exposure estimation methods for 4G and prior generations and explores emerging methods for 5G that are not yet standardised.

Future Perspectives

Addresses network planning issues and the benefits of optimization approaches. Highlights the future challenges and opportunities in EMF-aware network planning solutions.

Conclusion

The study indicates that strict regulatory frameworks could severely restrict or prevent the deployment of new communication technologies due to challenges in complying with EMF limitations.

EMF Mobile Network Planning 5G Radio Frequency Antenna Design Beamforming Regulatory Frameworks
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