Electromagnetic fields from mobile phones: A risk for maintaining energy homeostasis?

Authors: Seewooruttun C, Mai TC, Corona A, Delanaud S, de Seze R, Bach V, Desailloud R, Pelletier A

Year: 2025

Category: Endocrinology

Journal: Annales d'Endocrinologie

DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2025.101782

URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003426625001015

Abstract

Overview

With the near-ubiquitous presence of low-intensity radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) radiation worldwide—primarily from mobile phones—there is mounting concern about their potential interaction with biological mechanisms. While current safety guidelines focus on preventing thermal heating at high-intensity exposures, attention is shifting toward the effects at lower intensities, particularly on thermoregulation.

Findings

  • Most studies demonstrate that RF-EMF exposure at 900 MHz can trigger physiological and biological responses in rodent models reminiscent of the reaction to cold environments.
  • This review summarizes the effects and underlying mechanisms induced by low-level RF-EMF exposure and deliberates the environmental health and safety implications.

Conclusion:

  • Modern society’s widespread exposure to RF-EMF is nearly unavoidable.
  • Thermal effects of high-intensity RF-EMF are well documented, but there is emerging evidence that even low-intensity exposures (SAR < 4 W/kg) can provoke thermoregulatory responses associated with cold sensation.
  • Behavioral thermoregulation similar to cold sensation has been observed in 900 MHz-exposed rodents, along with molecular findings indicating that RF-EMF may promote browning of white adipose tissue (WAT), evidenced by UCP1 up-regulation and reduced adipocyte size.
  • Unlike cold-induced changes in brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, such transcriptional changes were not observed after RF exposure, though increased plasma noradrenaline and fatty acid levels were detected.
  • While short-term adaptations do not appear to compromise homeostasis or immediate health, the long-term consequences are not yet clear, underscoring the need for further investigation.
  • With new 5G frequencies (3.5 GHz) and increased wireless exposure starting in infancy, research is needed to examine potential thermoregulatory effects—specifically investigating peripheral tail temperature and thermal preference in rats of varying ages, as well as the role of the thyroid in these responses.

⚠️ Note: There are significant health concerns linked to electromagnetic field exposure, including impacts on energy metabolism and thermoregulation, with both short- and long-term health implications. Further studies are crucial for understanding these risks and informing safe public exposure limits.

radiofrequency electromagnetic fields thermoregulation mobile phones energy homeostasis health risk 5G
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